Skip to main content

Generator Protection - Class-C Protection

Class-C Protection:



When a fault in equipment outside the “UNIT” is not isolated for some reason by the relays/switchgear of that equipment, has to be cleared by “back up” relays provided in the generator protection system. In such cases it is sufficient to isolate the unit from the system side and “run it back to house load” which will be supplied by the Generator to the 6.6 KV systems through UAT. Such trips when only 400 KV breakers (generator main CB) are opened are called “Class-C Trips”.


After restoration of normalcy in the system, the generator can be resynchronized. Such trip also initiates HP and LP by pass arrangement to save boiler from probable tripping.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

One & Half Breaker Arrangement - Substation design (Bus Bar Schemes)

In this scheme, three circuit breakers are used for controlling two circuits which are  connected between two bus bars. Normally, both the bus bars are in service. A fault on any one of the bus bars is cleared by opening of the associated circuit breakers  connected to the faulty bus bar without affecting continuity of supply. Similarly, any circuit  breaker can be taken out for maintenance without causing interruption. Load transfer is  achieved through the breakers and, therefore, the operation is simple. However, protective  relaying is somewhat more involved as the central (tie) breaker has to be responsive to  troubles on either feeder in the correct sequence. Besides, each element of the bay has to be  rated for carrying the currents of two feeders to meet the requirement of various switching  operations which increases the cost. The breaker and a half scheme is best for those  substations which handle large quantities of power and where the orientation of out g

Generator Protection - Rotor Earth Fault Protection (64R1/ 64R2)

Rotor Earth Fault Protection (64R1/64R2) The field circuit of generator (i.e. rotor winding) is an isolated D.C. circuit and not earthed anywhere. The field can be exposed to abnormal mechanical or thermal stresses due to vibration, excessive currents or choked cooling medium flow. This may result in a breakdown of the insulation between the field winding and the rotor iron at one point where the stress has been too high. A single earth fault in the field winding or its associated circuits, therefore, gives rise to a negligible fault current and does not represent any immediate danger. If however a second ground fault should occur, heavy fault current and severe mechanical unbalance may quickly arise and lead to serious damage. It is essential therefore that any occurrence of insulation failure is discover and that the machine is taken out of service as soon as possible. Normally the machine is tripped instantly on occurrence of second rotor earth fault. Three method are avai

Generator Protection - Stator Earth Fault Protection

Stator Earth Fault Protection In most countries, it is a common  practice  to ground the generator neutral through a Grounding Transformer having a loading resistor across its secondary. This method of earthing is called high impedance earthing where the earth fault current is limited to 5-10 Amps. Tuned reactors which limit the ground fault current to less than 1.0 A are also used. The generator grounding resistor normally limits the neutral voltage transmitted from the high voltage side of the unit transformer in case of a ground fault on the H.V. side to maximum 2-3% of rated generator phase voltage. Short circuits between the stator winding in the slots and the stator core are the most common electrical fault in generators. Interturn faults, which normally are difficult to detect, will quickly develop into a ground fault and will be tripped by the stator ground fault protection. 95% stator ground fault relay for generator For generators with unit transformer